What does "pest resurgence" refer to?

"Pest resurgence" specifically refers to the rapid return of a pest population after it has been initially controlled or reduced through various management measures, such as pesticides or natural predators. This phenomenon can occur for several reasons, including the fact that pests may develop resistance to control methods, the elimination of natural predators that kept the pest population in check, or the reproductive capability of pests which allows for quick recovery.

When control measures successfully diminish a pest population, it can create an environment where remaining individuals can reproduce rapidly, leading to a resurgence in numbers. This situation highlights the importance of implementing integrated pest management strategies that not only focus on immediate control but also on the ecological balance and long-term suppression of pest populations.

Other options do not accurately define "pest resurgence." Complete elimination would refer to a total eradication of the pest, which is not the case in resurgence. A gradual decline indicates ongoing control rather than a rebound. The initial increase of pest numbers in a new area illustrates a different concept, often associated with invasion rather than resurgence.