What is a potential consequence of overapplying nitrogen fertilizers?

Overapplying nitrogen fertilizers can lead to increased pest susceptibility in turf and ornamental plants. When excess nitrogen is present, plants may grow more vigorously, leading to lush, tender growth that can be more attractive to pests and diseases. This soft tissue is easier for certain pests, like aphids and caterpillars, to exploit, and pathogens may find it easier to invade and establish within the weakened plant tissues. Additionally, an imbalanced nutrient profile can compromise the plant's overall health, making it less resilient to stressors such as pests, diseases, and environmental stresses.

The other options do not accurately represent the consequences of overapplication of nitrogen fertilizers. For example, while reducing grass density may seem plausible, excessive nitrogen typically promotes lush growth instead. Improved drought resistance is also unlikely, as over-fertilized lawns may develop a shallow root system that makes them more vulnerable to drought conditions. Enhanced color of grass might initially seem beneficial; however, the quality and health of the grass can suffer in the long run due to increased susceptibility to pests and diseases.